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Nicaean–Venetian Treaty of 1219
The Nicaean–Venetian Treaty of 1219 was a trade and non-aggression defense pact signed between the Empire of Nicaea and the Republic of Venice, in the form of an imperial chrysobull issued by Emperor Theodore I Laskaris (r. 1205–1222). This treaty, which provided the Venetians freedom of trade and imports without customs duties throughout the Empire in exchange for not supporting for the newly created Latin Empire.
==Background==
Following the Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Venetians, who had played a crucial role in the Crusade's diversion and the eventual sack of the Byzantine capital, stood preeminent amongst the victors. In the subsequent arrangement between the Crusaders, the ''Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae'', the Venetians were to receive three-eighths of the Byzantine Empire, including three-eighths of Constantinople itself.〔.〕 Although Venice did receive the greatest benefit from the Crusade, they renounced direct sovereignty over the territories of Epirus, Acarnania, Aetolia, and the Peloponnese, which were originally assigned to the Republic. Instead, the Republic of Venice claimed the islands in the Aegean Sea, most importantly Crete, and a chain of ports and coastal forts along the Greek shores, thus coming to dominate the trade centers and routes all across the former Byzantine Empire.〔
With Venetian support, the Latins continued their campaign into the Balkans to assert their control over former Byzantine lands, but were halted at the Battle of Adrianople in 1205 by the Bulgarians.〔.〕 The newly established Latin Empire, together with Venice, signed a secret treaty with Ghiyaseddin Kay-Khusraw I, the Turkish Sultan of Rûm for a joint war against the chief Byzantine Greek successor state, the Empire of Nicaea. In response, Nicaean emperor Theodore Lascaris made contact with King Leo I of Lesser Armenia in Cilicia who was also threatened by the Sultanate. The agreement between the two realms was concluded by the marriage of Philippa of Armenia, niece of Leo to Lascaris as his second wife in 1214.〔. Ostrogorsky states that it was Leo II that concluded this agreement. This is incorrect as King Leo I was ruling Armenia at this time.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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